I do not support violence, but you raise an interesting point in your explanation.
So, allow me to offer a condensed set of your listed problems there, and please correct me if I miss/misrepresent something:
1. No mechanism for holding politicians accountable exists.
2. In the event where a politician is found accountable, no meaningful mechanism for punishment exists.
I'd argue that it's not just about holding politicians accountable but laws accountable. What percentage of laws accomplish what they claim to? But rather than admitting this and going back to the drawing board, people dedicate their lives to blindly supporting or opposing specific laws, placing loyalty above problem solving.
That our political system (in general) rewards loyalty over problem solving is strong evidence of corruption.
#1 is partially fulfilled. There can be 'investigations', such as the one done on Newt Gingrich in 1997. They levy a fine of $300K (slap on the wrist for someone with a net worth in the millions), and then he's able to go and run for president 13 years later.
The problem that is inherent to #1 however is that, at least initially, they are investigated by people closest to them. Few people in Congress was to open up any Congressperson for deep investigation. Everyone has skeletons so investigations seem to generally be done in a way to kick up the least amount of dust, yet appear to be in motion.
And you're absolutely right for #2. Rarely are the rich or corporations punished in a serious way. Deceptive business practice that makes you billions? Fine given for millions. Unless you get caught in such a bad and terribly obvious way that they simply must go after you with jailtime, they won't.
There is no way to punish a politician or a group of politician for non-performance, corruption, failure to uphold the US Constitution, etc. You've basically gotta kill someone. And even if you do that, you're likely going to face less time than the average person on the street who does the same. Afterall, all your best friends are lawyers and lawmakers.
So, allow me to offer a condensed set of your listed problems there, and please correct me if I miss/misrepresent something:
1. No mechanism for holding politicians accountable exists. 2. In the event where a politician is found accountable, no meaningful mechanism for punishment exists.