Yes, but as far as I can tell the two settings are not for the Google UI and the Google Search Results (which would make sense). They're for Some Google Products (i.e. Google Plus) and Google Search (both UI and search results).
I might be mistaken on this, but I don't think there is a way to set the search results language independently of the UI language.
Interestingly, I did a search through Chrome to get to the Google search results page, I was not logged in and everything was in English. I proceed to login and get reverted to Japanese (not my default). As I said before, my settings keep getting changed automagically all the time...
I might be mistaken on this, but I don't think there is a way to set the search results language independently of the UI language.