NEFT and RTGS are free if you do it online. UPI is free. Many banks waive off IMPS charges.

NEFT and RTGS were introduced in the mid-2000s. IMPS in 2010, UPI in 2016. It's been > 10 years since the latest instrument launch. Enough time for "long term" impacts to show up.

If anything, the impact has been overwhelmingly positive.